Q- Which of the following is the main action of pseudocholinesterase enzyme?
A- Blockage of secretion of acetylcholine
B- Breakdown of acetylcholine at synaptic junctions
C- Competitive inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
D- Metabolism and detoxication of certain drugs
D- Metabolism and detoxication of certain drugs- The primary action of pseudocholinesterase is to break down and metabolize ester-based drugs (such as succinylcholine and procaine) and detoxify certain chemicals in the bloodstream. Acetylcholinesterase is responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine at synaptic junctions.
Q- Genetic polymorphism is characterized by delayed metabolism of drugs by acetylation. Which one of the following drugs is most likely affected by this condition?
A- Clonidine
B- Hydralazine
C- Nitroglycerine
D- Prazosin
B- Hydralazine- Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism, particularly involving N-acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes, can affect the acetylation rate of certain drugs. Hydralazine is one of the drugs metabolized by acetylation, and individuals who are “slow acetylators” due to this polymorphism may have delayed metabolism of hydralazine, leading to higher drug levels and an increased risk of side effects, such as lupus-like syndrome.
Q- Which one of the following side effects is most likely associated with the administration of spironolactone?
A- Hypercalcemia
B- Hyperglycemia
C- Hyperkalemia
D- Metabolic alkalosis
C- Hyperkalemia—Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by antagonizing aldosterone receptors, leading to increased potassium retention. This can result in hyperkalemia or elevated potassium levels, especially in patients with impaired kidney function or those taking other potassium-sparing medications.
